Quantum Threat Timeline Report 2025

Dr. Michele Mosca, Co-Founder & CEO, evolutionQ Inc.

Dr. Marco Piani, Senior Research Analyst, evolutionQ Inc.

Quantum Computing Technology Accelerating its Timeline to Break Standard Cryptography

Quantum computers will eventually be powerful and stable enough to break the cryptography that underlies our current cybersecurity protocols. Since 2019, GRI has worked with evolutionQ, a leading authority on post-quantum cybersecurity, to assess the timeline for this threat. This report considers technological and regulatory developments, and surveys experts in the field to arrive at an updated estimate.

This year’s survey was answered by 26 experts from Canada and around the world, and those experts believe the timeline has accelerated from previous reports. Survey respondents believe the quantum threat is “looming,” with a cryptographically relevant quantum computer (CRQC) quite possible (28-49%) within the next 10 years, and likely (51-70%) in the next 15. Given the accelerated timeline, organizations should take immediate action to address this significant cyber risk.